The Influence of Athletic Competition on Psychological...

Literature review and Research Questions Research has illustrated that athletic competition has a strong influence on psychological development, impacting an individual’s formation in areas such as self-esteem, body image and overall well-being (Anshel, 2000; Findlay Bowker, 2007; Haugen, Safvenbom Ommundsen, 201; Peden, Stiles, Vandehey Diekhoff, 2008). A large sector of this research has specifically analyzed the outcomes of negative experiences within athletics, especially those high in stress and therefore resulting in potentially detrimental consequences for athletes. A major source of stress within athletics is due to potential and veritable athletic injuries due to overuse, during-game accidents and other competition/training related afflictions (Hanson, McCullagh Tonymon, 1992). Approximately 3-5 million injuries occur due to athletics each year (Smith, Smoll Ptacek, 1990), and the prevalence of such injuries suggests that the trauma experienced could pose a signi ficant threat to athletes, both physically and psychologically, a phenomenon that warrants further investigation. For the past 30 years or so, research has evaluated the manner with which people handle stressful situations, which include athletic injury, and across the literature it has been consistently and reliably found that people vary in the manner with which they express well-being across stressful life events (Carver, Scheier Weintraub,1989; DeLongis Holtzman, 2005; Smith, Smoll Show MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence and Athletic Performance1744 Words   |  7 Pagesthat psychological skills play a role in athletic performance (Rogerson Hrycaiko, 2002; Smith et al., 1995). Athletes must learn to recognize their own ideal performance states, and develop the skills to manage their emotions (Hanin, 1995). Thus, energy control, like emotional intelligence, involves recognizing and managing emotions to maximize performance (Mayer Salovey, 1997). The aims and objectives is to investigate two research studies related to emotional intelligence on athletic performanceRead MoreThe Eating Disorder And Anorexia Nervosa1555 Words   |  7 Pagesbody image, excessive exercise, depression, and OCD, this disorder has the ability to boycott the lives of many individuals (Pinel, 2014). In order to understand the effects that this disorder has, it is essential to look at the socio-cultural, psychological, and physiological factors this disorder can entail. In addition, gender discrepancy is evident in relation to anorexia nervosa, with females presenting anorexia nervosa more often than males due to the differing â€Å"ideal† body types of both sexesRead MorePhysical And Mental Rehabilitation Of Athletes894 Words   |  4 Pagesmultitude of individual and psychological aspects that go into athletic injury rehabilitation. Ievleva and Orlick (1991) found that athletes who recovered from injury faster than their peers were more consistently positive, had an internal locus of control, took personal responsibility for their faster healing, were more involved in goal setting and engaged in positive healing and/or performance imagery. Most athletic trainers believe in the use of psychological skills in the rehabilitationRead MoreEssay on Ethical Principles1469 Words   |  6 Pagesfound this article very interesting because not a lot of people are aware of the ethical issues that have been and are currently going on in the athletic background. Believe it or not there are many ethical issues that relate to psychology in the athletic field. Ethical Issues in Collegiate Athletics One of the biggest ethical issues in collegiate athletics was the abusive behaviors of the coaches to the athletes. This is a big ethical issue because the actions and behavior of the coaches resultedRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in Sport 1248 Words   |  5 Pagesperson on the 1st line up from a bench warmer? Where does athleticism come from? Is it from our genes, or is it a product of the environment we live in? These are the types of questions that arise in the nature vs. nurture debate pertaining about athletic ability. In 1582, British educator, Richard Mulcaster wrote that†¨Nature makes the boy toward, nurture sees him forward, he gave the world†¨a euphonious name for an opposition that has been debated ever since; Nature and Nurture. Peoples†¨beliefsRead MoreStudent Athletes Dealing With Multiple Levels Of Stress1358 Words   |  6 Pagesstress and how programs provided by colleges can help alleviate the stress Valentina Loza Westview High School On March 31st, 1906, the National Collegiate Athletic Association was founded. This association, known as the NCAA, regulates athletes in many colleges around America and Canada and organizes their athletic program. In 1973, the NCAA adopted three different division levels for student-athletes; the highest level is Division I and the lowest is Division III. With the start ofRead MoreSports And Its Impact On Sports Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesNow-a-days zest for winning medals in the Olympics and other International sport competitions has catalyzed the sports scientists to take interest in exploring all the aspects and possibilities that can contribute to enhance sports performance to an greater heights. In sports primary motive is to win the game by following set of rules. By playing within these rules one s character is developed. What matters in the sports is how the player handles victory and how to handle the disappointments thatRead MoreEducator Training Essay1026 Words    |  5 PagesEducator Training Regardless of the years of athletic experience among a team of coaches and teachers, an active training program will help staff members to stay informed about the psychological dimensions of student athletes; thereby applying the first tenet of SLT. Smith and Smoll examined the effects of providing positive athletic setting resulting in a 30-5% reduction in athlete dropout rates. I appreciate the fact these results were equally positive among both boy and girl teams, because itsRead More The pressures between youth and its sports programs Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesyouth from unstructured play to highly organized competition. The structure of organized youth sports is the backbone for criticism and praise by professional athletes, physicians, and psychologists. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many that feel organized sports can be very beneficial and strongly support organized sports for youth. Some claim that sports aid in the development of social and interpersonal skills, health fitness and psychological well-being. Many feel that self-esteem and self-imageRead MoreSports As A Tool For Development Of Social Character Development1309 Words   |  6 Pages(Uzoma, 2015). Athletics can be used for the development of social character, values of teamwork, sacrifice, and obedience (Rudd Stoll, 2004). The sports world offers social opportunities for adolescents (Rutten, Schuengel, Dirks, Stams, Biesta, Hoeksma, 2011). Participating in sports as adolescents may help with learning how to respect the community, peers, family, and themselves (Berlin, Dworkin, Eames, Menconi, Perkins, 2007). Sports may affect social character growth and development. The purpose

The War Of The Creek War - 1082 Words

American Hitler Andrew Jackson was the â€Å"by-any-means† type of American, who had no real concern for the long-term effects of his actions. He would gladly slaughter a tribe of Natives to further U.S. holdings, as a matter of fact, he did, several in fact. However, although Jackson committed a great deal of such atrocities, some of which are incredibly well-known, he’s still viewed as, above all else, a national hero by some in the present-day. Prior to Jackson’s presidency, wherein the great majority of well-known Jackson-driven atrocities against the Natives occur, Jackson proved to be a monster for the Natives. After the Creek War, Jackson happily punished the Creeks, whether they be friend or foe. The Creek War was originally an internal conflict between two subsets of the Creek people, but Jackson saw this as an opportunity to force the Natives to cede land. Much of the conflict was between the Lower Creeks, whom Jackson would eventually â€Å"ally† with, and the Upper Creeks, A.K.A. the Red Sticks, who, unlike the Lower Creeks, were highly opposed to the U.S. encroachment and subsequent assimilation. As time passed and conflict progressed amidst the Creek people, outside involvement became an integral part of the war. Militant forces from several southern states amassed forces to combat the Red Sticks. Jackson himself, on Tennessee’s behalf, led a party of approximately 1,000 men along with an additional contingent of Cherokee warriors. After his, and America’s, firstShow MoreRelatedThe Theme of Violence in Cage Bird, Giving Blood, Sand Creek, and An Episode of War686 Words   |  3 Pagesviolence throughout the various works is that the group or individual singled out throughout the works is the victim of violence because the enemy has something to gain from the victim. The literary works, Caged Bird, Giving Blood, Sand Creek, and An Episode of War demonstrate this. For example, Caged Bird by Maya Angelou demonstrates how a personal struggle can become a form of violence. Angelou, an African American has a troubled childhood and as a result of her parents divorce she is sent toRead MoreEssay Southeastern Creek Indians976 Words   |  4 PagesSoutheastern Creek Indians By the 17th century the Muscoggee members migrated from west of the Mississippi to inhabit the areas of Georgia and Alabama were English traders first encountered the Muscoggee. The English called them Creeks; it appears that they lived in by the creeks and streams of Alabama in addition to Georgia. Creek Nation was the most powerful Indian political unit in North America with the exception of the Iroquois Confederacy of upper New York. In the early 18th century theRead MoreThe Battle of Antietam Creek600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Battle of Antietam Creek The Battle of Antietam Creek was a very bloody and important battle in the Civil war. The battle was fought by two different armies within the Union and the Confederacy, The Army of the Potomac (Union) and The Army of Northern Virginia (Confederate). Antietam Creek is located just to the east of the Potomac River in Maryland. The battle was fought on a hill just above the west bank of Antietam Creek. The Army of the Potomac, who was on the offensive, was pushing towardsRead MoreNative Americans And American History988 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen unfairly treated and portrayed throughout American history. According to American history written during and after the war the Indian Wars that occurred were very subjective, and prejudiced in its depiction of the Native Americans. For example one work, The Pioneer History of America (1883), is titled, A popular account of Heroes and Adventurers who, by their valor and war-craft, beat back the savages from the borders of civilization and gave the American forests to the plow and the sickle. Read MoreAndrew Jackson s Impact On The American History1142 Words   |  5 Pagesthe state of Florida became the first governor over the state of Florida to take charge of Florida as its first Americ an governor by President Monroe. More importantly, as a military leader, he was key in defeating the British at New Orleans and the Creek Indians in Alabama. Later, Andrew Jackson became the seventh president of the U.S in 1829, and a populist one, who earned a number of transformative achievements to his name. More importantly, Andrew’s presidency marked the advent of the JacksonianRead MoreContrasting Themes Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesreason, one wonders, is because you have to keep the audience interested. Ambrose Bierce’s short story and Robert Enrico’s film adaptation entitled, â€Å"An Occurrence on Owl Creek Bridge,† is a great example of differing themes in a piece of work. In the entry, evident themes include: reality verses imagination and deception, war, death and dying, and time. Some are expressed in the film clearly, while others are hidden to the untrained eye. Bierce laid a concrete foundation for the theme of realityRead MoreAn Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge1100 Words   |  5 PagesAn Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, written by Ambrose Bierce in 1890-1891, depicts an antiwar motif of the American Civil War. Bierce uses dramatic irony, descriptive imagery and the theme of time. The war was fought from 1861 to 1865 after seven Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as the â€Å"Confederacy† or the â€Å"South.† The remaining states were known as the â€Å"Union† or the â€Å"North.† The war’s origin was the issue of slavery, especiallyRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears : American History1631 Words   |  7 Pageswere countless tribes affected, emigrated, and annihilated by white settlers such as the Seminoles, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Cherokees; it was the final chapter for natives in the east. It can be said that the ruin of the Native Americans started as far back as when the first settlers landed in North America. The main progression of their forced emigration, however, was due to the War of 1812. A professor of history, David Koch states, â€Å"There is no question, the alliance with the English destroyedRead MoreThe Philosophy of the American Settlers Westward Expansion Leads to Expulsion of the Native Americans1197 Words   |  5 PagesTennessee, they fought hard to keep their land, against the expanding cotton economy, and especially when gold was found in the Cherokee mountains in 1829. The Cherokee Indians had fought alongside the British in the American War of Independence. After the conclusion of the war, most of their towns were in a dilapidated state. They were forced to cede territory to the newfound United States in the 1785 Treaty of Hopwell (*citation needed for this treaty). This treaty would eventually give rise toRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 18301299 Words   |  6 PagesCherokee, and Creek became known as the â€Å"Five Civilized Tribes†. (Gale, 2014) In 1813, there was a dispute amongst the Creek Indian known as the â€Å"Creek War† the Creek Indians divided into two sides after Americans threatened to secede their land, those who were willing to cooperate with the American government, and those who were not. Creek Indians who were willing to fight for their land, were known as the â€Å"Red Sticks†, for the red sticks they carried as weapons and symbols of war. They became

Wal-Mart Negotiation Analysis Free Essays

Although it was several years ago now, in 1988 a 24-year old man was injured at his local Wal-Mart store after tripping over several rocking chairs. The man claims that as he turned the corner of an aisle he tripped over three 1. 5 foot-high children’s rocking chairs, which caused several injuries, some of which were lacerated forehead, several strains and sprains, a jaw injury and even blackout spells (Laska, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart Negotiation Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This example of a negotiation lawsuit would classify as a distributive negotiation because of several different reasons. First, the only item of value being discussed is settlement money, and in order for the negotiation to be considered an integrative negotiation, the opposing parties typically have additional items of value to discuss for trade. Also, there is no personal relationship between the opposing sides of the negotiation, which in this particular case are the Wal-Mart Corporation and the injured man. Finally, a distributive negotiation is considered to be a win-lose scenario and clearly, either the man or the Wal-Mart Corporation would win the negotiation. Originally, the injured man sued the company for $100,033. 57, and although the Louisiana Supreme Court ruled in his favor, the amount was lowered. The jury determined that although his injuries were worth compensation, $73,525. 18 was considered a more appropriate sum. In addition, the plaintiff’s wife was awarded $10,000 for loss of consortium. Even though some people may feel as though an injury due to tripping over a child’s toy is a case that does not hold much water, fortunately for the injured man his case was fairly cut and dry. The store could have prevented the injury if the rocking chairs were properly displayed. Therefore the store was responsible and held liable. This type of negotiation is intended for the benefit of one party and is typically settled out of court because companies try to avoid court appearance when possible. Integrative Article: NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement Although the National Basketball Association will be facing changes to their Collective Bargaining Agreement within the next year, the most recent negotiation, which is held between players and teams, was held in 2005. This negotiation is intended to discuss important terms in the players’ contracts, which include salary amounts, length of contracts, rookie salary terms, and salary caps. On the other end of the negotiation, the teams are interested in discussing factors such as trade rules, the escrow level, and the allowed tax on the teams (Morton, 2010). This article demonstrates an integrative negotiation because it is more of a win-win scenario for the opposing parties, which as previously mentioned, include the players and the teams. Since both parties have much to gain from the agreement, they are willing to put more on the table. Also part of an integrative negotiation, both parties have not only their best interest in mind, but also the interest of the opposing side, primarily because of the relationship established between the two. The players and teams are interested in the well being of each other because both are affected by each other. This demonstrates why distributive negotiations are different from integrative, because there is no relationship between the two parties. Although integrative negotiations are often successful, most negotiations are distributive because most opposing parties are not interested in the other. This type of negotiation technique is intended for a established pair of negotiators. Examples in the Workplace Considering that I work in a childcare center, negotiation strategies are not commonly used. However, a childcare director would have a few different scenarios in which negotiation techniques could be beneficial. Although in society today, distributive negotiations are much more common, integrative negotiations are used more often in childcare, in fact, they are used more often in most workplaces. One example of how integrative negotiations are used is through a request for a pay raise. Just like the article examining the NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement, I have used integrative negotiation techniques in the past when I asked for an hourly pay raise. Instead of demanding a raise, which would be more like a distributive negotiation, I discussed how both the center that I work for and myself would benefit from a raise. I explained what I had to offer the company in exchange for the raise, while the benefit to myself is obviously of monetary value. It is similar to the saying, you will catch more bees with honey than vinegar, I will have more success in getting what I am asking for by being professional and polite than by having high expectations and demanding to get what I ask for. Although both types of negotiation techniques can be successful in the appropriate setting, integrative negotiations are more practical for my line of work. How to cite Wal-Mart Negotiation Analysis, Essay examples